Numerous points are kept in mind while designing the paint scheme of an aircraft (excluding the military aircraft). They should be cost-effective and easy to maintain along with that a variety of scientific reasons also accompany them. To be precise this is a difficult job, so why are they even painted? For a long time, American Airlines used to use polished aluminium for their plane and used a simple paint scheme. But this had a risk of corrosion to the exposed aluminium, also the passenger complaint of the reflective sunlight from its surface.
Most likely aircraft are painted white, white stands as the ideal color, keeping in mind all the above factors.
There are exceptions to it as well. Calling for the Mango Airline, an African low-cost airline company that paint its aeroplanes orange; S7 Airlines, another one from Siberia painted in light green; and the Wizz Air, an airline company from Hungary which is painted mostly with purple with some parts as white.
Talking about the Green Aircrafts, it's a nickname given to the aircraft that is under manufacturing process. This green coating over the surface of the aluminium prevents it from corrosion that can lead to premature failure of its components. To prevent it from grease or moisture it's often painted with a green coating of Zinc-Chromate primer.
Aeroplanes are delivered to the airline companies in this type of coatings. But in the case of big size jets like the Boeing737 or the Airbus A320, looks like covered in green plastic wrapping, this is just as of wrapping your car or bike. This green wrapping helps to prevent the alodin from getting scratches on its anti-corrosive paint. It is removed once it reaches the painting centre. Then they are washed, prepared and the final brand paint is applied in two layers.
The anticorrosive coat applied to the parts of the aeroplanes is called alodin. Alodin is a chromate conversion coating that helps in protecting metals such as aluminium.